Which of the following best describes anomaly detection?

Anomaly detection is best described as a method to identify rare events in data. This technique focuses on recognizing patterns or observations that deviate significantly from what is considered normal behavior within a dataset. It is particularly useful in various applications such as fraud detection, network security, fault detection, and monitoring of industrial processes, where it is essential to catch these unusual patterns that may indicate problems or noteworthy events.

The ability of anomaly detection to highlight exceptions ensures that organizations can respond to potential issues proactively, making it a crucial tool in the realm of machine learning and data analysis. Identifying these rare events can often lead to insights or actions that might not be visible through standard analysis practices.